Chidule cha TL;DR

Makina olumikizirana makanema a mawaya awiri amatumiza makanema, mawu, ndi mphamvu kudzera mu chingwe chimodzi chopindika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kukhazikitsa poyerekeza ndi njira zina zolumikizirana mawaya ambiri. Ubwino waukulu ndi monga kuchepetsa ndalama zolumikizira mawaya (40% yotsika kuposa makina akale), kusasintha mosavuta nyumba zomwe zilipo, komanso kugwirizana ndi zomangamanga zakale. Zoletsa zimaphatikizapo zoletsa mtunda (nthawi zambiri mamita 100-150), khalidwe lotsika la makanema poyerekeza ndiMachitidwe a IP, ndi kufalikira kochepa.

Chiyambi: Kumvetsetsa Ukadaulo wa Mavidiyo a 2-Wire Intercom

Dongosolo la maikolofoni ya kanema ya mawaya awiri limayimira kapangidwe ka kulumikizana komwe kumaphatikiza makanema, mawu, ndi kutumiza mphamvu pa chingwe chimodzi chopindika. Ukadaulo uwu umalumikiza kusiyana pakati pa machitidwe akale a analogi ndi mayankho amakono ozikidwa pa IP.

Malinga ndi bungwe la Consumer Technology Association (CTA), makina a waya awiri ndi omwe amapanga 28% ya msika wa ma intercom okhala m'nyumba, omwe mtengo wake ndi $3.2 biliyoni padziko lonse lapansi mu 2026.

Ukadaulowu umagwiritsa ntchito njira yogwiritsira ntchito ma signali a digito kuti uwonjezere ma data angapo pa ma conductor awiri. Mosiyana ndi makina achikhalidwe a ma waya anayi kapena ma waya asanu ndi limodzi omwe amafuna njira zosiyana za ma signali a kanema, mawu, mphamvu, ndi kulamulira, makina a ma waya awiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira yogawa ma frequency multiplexing kapena digito encoding kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito izi.

Ubwino wa Makina Olumikizirana Makanema Awiri

Kukhazikitsa Kosavuta ndi Kuchepetsa Ndalama Zogwirira Ntchito

Kuvuta kwa kukhazikitsa kumachepa kwambiri ndi makina a mawaya awiri. Bungwe la National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) likuyerekeza kuti ndalama zothandizira antchito ndi 35-45% poyerekeza ndi makina a mawaya ambiri.

Akatswiri a zamagetsi amatumiza chingwe chimodzi kuchokera ku gawo lapakati kupita ku siteshoni iliyonse, zomwe zimachepetsa kufunika kwa njira yolumikizira magetsi komanso kulowa kwa khoma.

Kugwirizana ndi Zomangamanga Zomwe Zilipo

Makina ambiri okhala ndi mawaya awiri amagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha foni chokhazikika (Cat3) kapena mawaya opindika omwe amapezeka kwambiri m'nyumba zomangidwa pambuyo pa 1980. Kugwirizana kumeneku kumachotsa kufunikira kokonzanso mawaya onse panthawi yokonzanso.

Machitidwewa nthawi zambiri amagwira ntchito ndi malo omwe alipo kale a zitseko ndi zowunikira zamkati, zomwe zimasunga ndalama mu zida zakale.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Moyenera Pakukhazikitsa Zinthu Zing'onozing'ono Mpaka Zapakati

Mtengo wa zipangizo zamagetsi a mawaya awiri ndi pafupifupi $0.80-1.20 pa phazi lililonse poyerekeza ndi $1.50-2.50 pa chingwe chotetezedwa cha coaxial kapena Ethernet.

Pa nyumba yokhala ndi zipinda 50, kusiyana kumeneku kumatanthauza ndalama zokwana $2,000-3,500 zomwe zimasungidwa pa chingwe chokha. Zikaphatikizidwa ndi maola ochepa ogwira ntchito, ndalama zonse zoyikira zimachepa ndi 30-40% poyerekeza ndi njira zina zofanana ndi IP.

Zofooka ndi Zoganizira

Zoletsa za Ubwino wa Mtunda ndi Chizindikiro

Makina a waya awiri ali ndi malire a mtunda. Nthawi zambiri kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa mamita 100 mpaka 150 kutengera ndi waya woyezera ndi zomwe makinawo akufuna.

Kupitilira mtunda uwu, kuwonongeka kwa chizindikiro kumakhudza khalidwe la kanema komanso kudalirika kwa makina. Muyezo wa TIA-568 umapereka malangizo osankha chingwe kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa mtunda.

Zoletsa Zosasintha Makanema

Zoletsa za bandwidth pamakina a waya awiri zimachepetsa kuthekera kwa makanema kufika pa 480p-720p m'machitidwe ambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndizokwanira kuzindikira alendo, ma resolution awa sali okwanira mphamvu za 1080p kapena 4K zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi makina ozikidwa pa IP.

Kuzindikira nkhope ndi kujambula chikwangwani cha layisensi kumafuna kuwala kwapamwamba komwe sikungapezeke kudzera muukadaulo wa waya ziwiri.

Mavuto Okulirapo ndi Kuphatikizana

Kukula kupitirira kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi omwe adatchulidwa ndi wopanga kumafuna kusintha makina m'malo mokweza pang'onopang'ono. Kuphatikiza ndi njira zowongolera zolowera za chipani chachitatu, CCTV, kapena makina oyang'anira nyumba kumakhalabe kochepa poyerekeza ndi njira zina zozikidwa pa IP pogwiritsa ntchito njira zokhazikika monga ONVIF kapena SIP.

Kuyerekeza kwaukadaulo: 2-Wire vs IP Video Intercom Systems

Njira Zabwino Zokhazikitsira Ma Intercom a Makanema Awiri

Kusankha Waya ndi Zofunikira pa Kuyeza

Sankhani chingwe chopindika cha 18-22 AWG kuti mugwire ntchito pansi pa mamita 100. Pa mtunda woyandikira mamita 150, gwiritsani ntchito 16 AWG kuti muchepetse kutsika kwa magetsi.

Chingwe chotetezedwa chimachepetsa kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiromagineti m'malo okhala ndi magetsi owala kapena zida zamagalimoto. Nkhani ya NEC 725 imapereka zofunikira pama code a ma circuits a Class 2 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma intercom.

Zoganizira za Polarity ndi Kuthetsa

Sungani polarity yokhazikika nthawi yonse yokhazikitsa. Kubwezera ma conductor nthawi iliyonse kumalepheretsa ntchito ya dongosolo.

Gwiritsani ntchito chingwe chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana (nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofiira/chakuda kapena chabuluu/choyera) kuti muwonetsetse kuti chizindikirika bwino. Chotsani maulumikizidwe pogwiritsa ntchito zolumikizira zomwe zasankhidwa ndi wopanga kapena ma terminal blocks omwe adavotera waya woyezera.

Kuwerengera Kuchepa kwa Mphamvu ndi Kutsika kwa Voltage

Kuwerengera kutsika kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito fomula iyi:

VD = (2 x L x I x R) / 1000

Kumene:

• L = kutalika kwa chingwe m'mapazi
• I = mphamvu mu ma amperes
• R = kukana kwa waya pa mamita 1000

Sungani magetsi pa siteshoni mkati mwa 10% ya zomwe zalembedwa.

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi ndingathe kusintha kuchokera ku analogi kupita ku mawaya awiri popanda kusintha mawaya onse?

Inde, makina a mawaya awiri nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawaya omwe alipo kale pafoni kapena pa intaneti. Onetsetsani momwe chingwe chilili komanso momwe chikugwirizana ndi gauge musanapitirire. Makina ogwiritsa ntchito Cat3 kapena chingwe chopotoka chomwe chinayikidwa pambuyo pa 1990 nthawi zambiri amathandizira ukadaulo wa mawaya awiri popanda kulumikizanso mawaya.

Kodi chiwerengero chachikulu cha masiteshoni omwe athandizidwa ndi chiyani?

Mphamvu zimasiyana malinga ndi wopanga ndi kapangidwe ka makina. Makina oyambira amathandizira masiteshoni 8-16. Makina aukadaulo amatha kukhala ndi mayunitsi 50-100. Kupitilira zomwe wopanga amafuna kumayambitsa zolakwika pakulankhulana komanso kuchepa kwa khalidwe la makanema.

Kodi makina a waya awiri amathandizira kujambula makanema?

Makina ena a waya awiri ali ndi malo ojambulira makadi a SD kuti azitha kujambula pa siteshoni yayikulu. Mphamvu zojambulira pamtambo zimafuna makina okhala ndi ma module olumikizirana ndi netiweki. Kujambulira kosalekeza kumakhudza bandwidth ya makina ndipo kungachepetse khalidwe la kanema nthawi yeniyeni.

Kodi ma intercom a mawaya awiri angagwirizane ndi maloko a zitseko zamagetsi?

Ma monitor ambiri amkati okhala ndi mawaya awiri amakhala ndi zotulutsa zotumizira kuti zitseko zituluke bwino. Lumikizani magetsi kapena maloko a maginito pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi osiyana kukula kwake kuti chipangizo chotseka chikoke mphamvu. Tsimikizani kuti magetsi akugwirizana (nthawi zambiri 12VDC kapena 24VDC).

Kodi ndingathe bwanji kuthetsa mavuto a khalidwe la kanema?

Yang'anani mtunda wa chingwe choyezera. Yesani magetsi pamalo olumikizira kuti mutsimikizire kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino. Yang'anani maulumikizidwe kuti awone ngati ali ndi dzimbiri kapena kusasunthika. Patulani mawaya a intercom ndi mawaya amphamvu ndi mainchesi osachepera 12 kuti mupewe kusokoneza.

Kutsiliza: Kusankha Ukadaulo Woyenera

Makina olumikizirana makanema a waya awiri amapereka njira zothandiza pakukhazikitsa nyumba ndi malo ang'onoang'ono amalonda komwe kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama komanso kukhazikitsa kosavuta kumaposa zofunikira zapamwamba.

Ukadaulowu umachita bwino kwambiri pa ntchito zokonzanso zinthu komanso malo okhala ndi zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale. Kumvetsetsa zofooka zake kumathandiza kupanga zisankho mwanzeru poyerekeza njira zina za waya ziwiri m'malo mwa machitidwe ozikidwa pa IP.

Kodi mwakonzeka kukweza makina anu a intercom?Fufuzani zathuMayankho a IP a kanema wa intaneti ya mawaya awiri or Lumikizanani ndi akatswiri athukuti mulandire upangiri waulere.