Ma Intercom a Zitseko Okhala ndi Kutulutsa Zitseko: Zoopsa Zobisika & Njira Zina Zotetezeka

Mu nthawi yomwe ukadaulo wanzeru wa nyumba umalonjeza kukhala ndi moyo wopanda mavuto, ma intercom a zitseko okhala ndi zitseko zotseguka akhala chinthu chofala m'mafuleti, m'nyumba za m'tawuni, komanso m'madera okhala ndi zitseko padziko lonse lapansi. Pogulitsidwa ngati kuphatikiza kosavuta komanso chitetezo—kulola anthu okhalamo kutsimikizira alendo ndikutsegula zitseko patali—makina awa nthawi zambiri amaonedwa ngati zosintha zofunika kwambiri pa moyo wamakono.

Komabe, pansi pa mawonekedwe awo okongola komanso zinthu zosunga nthawi pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zimawonjezera ngozi zachitetezo zomwe zimapangitsa mabanja kuba, kulowa popanda chilolezo, kuphwanya malamulo achinsinsi, komanso kuvulala mwakuthupi. Pamene kutengera nyumba kukuchulukirachulukira, ndikofunikira kuti eni nyumba, oyang'anira katundu, ndi akatswiri achitetezo azindikire zoopsazi ndikuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.

1. Firmware Yakale: Chipata Chosabisala cha Obera

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimaiwala kwambiri pamakina a intercom a pakhomo ndi firmware yakale, yomwe ikadali chandamale chachikulu cha zigawenga za pa intaneti. Mosiyana ndi mafoni a m'manja kapena ma laputopu omwe amatumiza zosintha pafupipafupi, makina ambiri a intercom—makamaka mitundu yakale—sakhala ndi zomangira zokha. Opanga nthawi zambiri amasiya zosintha patatha zaka 2-3 zokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipangizozo ziwonekere ndi zolakwika zachitetezo zomwe sizinapatsidwe.

Anthu obera ma hackers amagwiritsa ntchito mipata imeneyi kudzera mu ziwopsezo zankhanza kapena pogwiritsa ntchito njira zakale monga kulumikizana kwa HTTP kosatetezedwa. Mu 2023, kampani yoteteza makompyuta inapeza cholakwika chachikulu mu kampani yotchuka ya intercom yomwe inalola owukira kuti apewe kutsimikizira kwathunthu potumiza mapempho osinthidwa a netiweki. Akalowa mkati, amatha kuyambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa chitseko patali ndikulowa m'nyumba osapezeka.

Oyang'anira nyumba nthawi zambiri amaipitsa izi pochedwetsa zosintha chifukwa cha nkhawa za mtengo kapena kuopa "okhala m'nyumba omwe angasokoneze." Kafukufuku wa International Association of Property Managers adapeza kuti 62% ya madera obwereka amachedwetsa zosintha, mosadziwa akusintha ma intercom kukhala maitanidwe otseguka kwa olowa m'malo mwawo.

2. Kutsimikizika Kofooka: Pamene “Password123” Ikhala Chiwopsezo cha Chitetezo

Ngakhale zipangizo zamakono kwambiri zolumikizirana ndi ma intercom zimakhala zotetezeka ngati njira zake zotsimikizira - ndipo zambiri sizili bwino. Kafukufuku wa 2024 wa mitundu 50 yotsogola ya ma intercom adavumbulutsa kuti:

• 78% amalola mawu achinsinsi ofooka osakwana zilembo 8.

• 43% alibe njira ziwiri zodziwira kuti ndi zotani (2FA) zomwe zingathandize kuti munthu azitha kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti pa intaneti popanda kugwiritsa ntchito intaneti.

• Mitundu yambiri yotsika mtengo imatumizidwa ndi malowedwe okhazikika monga "admin123" kapena nambala yotsatizana ya chipangizocho.

Kufooka kumeneku kwawonjezera kuchuluka kwa anthu olowa m'malo mwa apolisi. Mu mzinda wa Chicago wokha, apolisi adanenanso za zochitika 47 mu 2023 pomwe akuba adagwiritsa ntchito mawu achinsinsi osasinthika kapena ofooka kuti alowe m'malo olandirira alendo ndikuba mapaketi. Nthawi zina, akuba adapeza mayunitsi angapo usiku umodzi poganizira mawu achinsinsi osavuta okhalamo monga "123456" kapena adilesi ya nyumbayo.

Chiwopsezochi chimafika pa mapulogalamu a pafoni. Mapulogalamu ambiri a intercom amasunga ziphaso za foni yanu m'deralo pa mafoni a m'manja. Ngati foni yatayika kapena yabedwa, aliyense amene ali ndi chipangizochi akhoza kulowa mosavuta akangodina kamodzi kokha—palibe chifukwa chotsimikizira.

3. Kusokoneza Zinthu: Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zipangizo Zovuta

Ngakhale kuti zoopsa za chitetezo cha pa intaneti zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri, kusokoneza anthu m'njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo njira yodziwika bwino yowukira. Ma intercom ambiri amakhala ndi mawaya owonekera kapena ma faceplate ochotsedwa omwe amatha kusinthidwa kuti adutse njira yotsekera.

Mwachitsanzo, ma intercom omwe amadalira ma switch osavuta a relay amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi screwdriver ndi paperclip mumphindi zochepa—palibe chidziwitso chapamwamba chofunikira. Anthu owononga zinthu amalimbananso ndi zida zamagetsi pozimitsa makamera kapena maikolofoni, zomwe zimalepheretsa anthu okhala m'deralo kuti asawone ngati alendo akuwona.

Mu mzinda wa New York, 31% ya nyumba zokhalamo zinanena kuti nyumba zinawonongedwa ndi ma intercom mu 2023, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti oyang'anira nyumba aziwononga ndalama zokwana $800 pa kukonza kulikonse komanso kusiya anthu obwereka nyumba opanda njira yolowera kwa milungu ingapo.

4. Zoopsa Zachinsinsi: Pamene Ma Intercom Afufuza Eni Ake

Kupatula kulowa kosaloledwa, ma intercom ambiri amabweretsa nkhawa zazikulu zachinsinsi. Ma modelo otsika mtengo nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi njira zotetezera mauthenga kuchokera kumapeto mpaka kumapeto, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti makanema ndi mawu aziwonekera mosavuta.

Mu 2022, kampani yayikulu yopanga ma intercom inakumana ndi milandu pambuyo poti akuba alowa m'ma seva ake osatetezedwa, kutulutsa makanema kuchokera m'mabanja oposa 10,000. Zithunzizo zinali ndi anthu okhala m'nyumba zawo atanyamula zakudya, kulowa m'nyumba zawo, kapena kucheza ndi achibale awo.

Ngakhale atasungidwa mwachinsinsi, machitidwe ena amagawana deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito mwakachetechete ndi makampani ena owunikira. Kafukufuku wa Consumer Reports wa 2023 adapeza kuti mapulogalamu 19 mwa 25 a intercom adasonkhanitsa zambiri zachinsinsi monga deta ya malo, ma ID a chipangizo, ndi njira zopezera - nthawi zambiri popanda chilolezo chodziwikiratu cha ogwiritsa ntchito. Izi zimabweretsa mafunso okhudza kuyang'anira ndi kupeza ndalama m'malo okhala.

Momwe Mungatetezere Nyumba Yanu: Njira Zothandiza kwa Okhalamo ndi Oyang'anira Katundu

Zoopsa za ma intercom a zitseko ndi kutulutsidwa kwa zitseko ndi zenizeni—koma zitha kuthetsedwa. Anthu okhalamo ndi oyang'anira nyumba onse angachitepo kanthu mwachangu:

1. Ikani Zosintha za Firmware Patsogolo

   • Anthu okhala: Yang'anani tsamba la pulogalamu yanu ya intercom kapena la wopanga mwezi uliwonse.

   • Oyang'anira katundu: Konzani zosintha za kotala lililonse kapena gwirizanani ndi makampani achitetezo kuti mupange zigamba zokha.

2. Limbikitsani Kutsimikizika

   • Gwiritsani ntchito mawu achinsinsi opitilira zilembo 12 okhala ndi zizindikiro zosakanikirana.

   • Yambitsani 2FA komwe kulipo.

   • Konzani malowedwe okhazikika nthawi yomweyo mutatha kukhazikitsa.

3. Zipangizo Zachilengedwe Zotetezeka

   • Onjezani mapepala a nkhope osaphwanyika.

   • Bisani kapena tetezani mawaya owonekera.

   • Ganizirani za maloko ena achiwiri ngati muli ndi malo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu.

4. Sankhani Machitidwe Oyang'ana Zachinsinsi

   • Sankhani ogulitsa omwe ali ndi mfundo zowonekera bwino zobisa.

   • Pewani makina omwe amagawana deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito ndi anthu ena popanda chilolezo.

Pomaliza: Zosavuta Siziyenera Kusokoneza Chitetezo

Ma intercom a zitseko okhala ndi chitseko chotseguka asintha moyo wa m'nyumba mwa kuphatikiza zinthu zosavuta ndi zowongolera zolowera. Komabe, zofooka zawo—firmware yakale, kufooka kwa kutsimikizika, kusokoneza thupi, ndi zoopsa zachinsinsi—zikutsimikizira kuti zinthu zosavuta zokha sizokwanira.

Kwa okhala m'deralo, kukhala maso kumatanthauza kusintha makonda, kupeza ziphaso, ndi kupereka malipoti okhudza zolakwika. Kwa oyang'anira malo, kuyika ndalama mu machitidwe apamwamba komanso okonzedwa nthawi zonse si ndalama zokha—ndi chinthu chofunikira.

Pomaliza pake, chitetezo chamakono cha m'nyumba chiyenera kukhala patsogolo pa zonse ziwiri, zosavuta komanso zolimba. Machitidwe omwe timadalira kuti ateteze nyumba zathu sayenera kukhala cholepheretsa chomwe chimaziika pachiwopsezo.