Ma Intercom Otetezeka a IP Akunja: Momwe Mungachotsere Zitseko Zam'mbuyo za Cyber ​​​​ndi Kuteteza Netiweki Yanu

Popeza ma intercom akunja a IP akusintha mofulumira machitidwe akale a analog, akukonzanso momwe timayendetsera zowongolera zolowera ndi chitetezo cha pakhomo lakutsogolo. Komabe, kumbuyo kwa mwayi wolowera kutali ndi kulumikizana kwa mitambo kuli chiopsezo chowonjezeka komanso chomwe nthawi zambiri sichimaganiziridwa. Popanda chitetezo choyenera, intercom yakunja ya IP ikhoza kukhala chitseko chobisika chakumbuyo mu netiweki yanu yonse.

Kukula Mwachangu kwa Machitidwe a Panja a IP Intercom

Kusintha kuchoka pa ma intercom a kanema ozikidwa pa analogi kupita ku IP sikulinso kosankha—kukuchitika kulikonse. Chomwe chinali buzzer yosavuta yolumikizidwa ndi mawaya amkuwa chasanduka intercom yakunja ya IP yolumikizidwa mokwanira yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito makina ogwiritsira ntchito okhazikika, nthawi zambiri yozikidwa pa Linux. Zipangizozi zimatumiza mawu, makanema, ndi zizindikiro zowongolera ngati mapaketi a data, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino ngati makompyuta olumikizidwa pa intaneti omwe amayikidwa pamakoma akunja.

Chifukwa Chake Ma Intercom a IP Ali Ponseponse

Kukongola kwake n'kosavuta kumva. Makina amakono olumikizirana makanema akunja amapereka zinthu zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kusavuta komanso kuwongolera:

• Kufikira pafoni patali kumalola ogwiritsa ntchito kuyankha zitseko kuchokera kulikonse kudzera pa mapulogalamu a foni yam'manja

• Malo osungira makanema opangidwa ndi mitambo amasunga zolemba zambiri za alendo zomwe zimapezeka nthawi iliyonse yomwe mukufuna

• Kuphatikiza mwanzeru kumalumikiza ma intercom ndi magetsi, kuwongolera mwayi wolowera, ndi makina odziyimira pawokha omanga

Koma izi zimabwera ndi kusinthana. Chipangizo chilichonse cholumikizidwa ndi netiweki chomwe chimayikidwa panja chimawonjezera chiopsezo cha chitetezo cha IoT.

Chiwopsezo cha Cyber ​​​​Backdoor: Zomwe Ma Installation Ambiri Amasowa

Intercom yakunja ya IP nthawi zambiri imayikidwa kunja kwa chitoliro chenicheni, koma imalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi netiweki yamkati. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa malo okopa kwambiri zigawenga za pa intaneti.

Kufikira Kwathu pa Netiweki Kudzera pa Madoko a Ethernet Oonekera

Mafakitale ambiri amasiya ma Ethernet ports akuwonekera bwino kumbuyo kwa intercom panel. Ngati faceplate yachotsedwa, wowukirayo akhoza:

• Lumikizani mwachindunji mu chingwe cha netiweki yamoyo

• Zipangizo zachitetezo zodutsa malire

• Yambitsani ma scan amkati popanda kulowa mnyumbamo

Popanda chitetezo cha Ethernet port (802.1x), "kuukira kwa malo oimika magalimoto" kumeneku kumakhala kosavuta kwambiri.

Magalimoto a SIP Osabisika ndi Ziwopsezo za Anthu Pakati

Ma intercom akunja otsika mtengo kapena akale nthawi zambiri amatumiza mawu ndi makanema pogwiritsa ntchito ma protocol a SIP osasinthika. Izi zimatsegula chitseko cha:

• Kumvetsera nkhani zachinsinsi

• Seweraninso ziwopsezo zomwe zimagwiritsanso ntchito zizindikiro zotsegula

• Kuletsa ziphaso panthawi yokhazikitsa foni

Kugwiritsa ntchito njira yobisa ma SIP pogwiritsa ntchito TLS ndi SRTP sikulinso kosankha—ndikofunikira.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Botnet ndi Kuchita nawo DDoS

Ma intercom osatetezedwa bwino ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ma botnet a IoT monga Mirai. Chidacho chikawonongeka, chingathe:

• Chitani nawo mbali pa ziwopsezo zazikulu za DDoS

• Gwiritsani ntchito bandwidth ndikuchepetsa netiweki yanu

• Pangani kuti IP yanu ya anthu onse isakhale yoletsedwa

Izi zimapangitsa kuti kuchepetsa ma botnet a DDoS kukhale kofunika kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito ma intercom akunja a IP.

Zolakwika Zodziwika Bwino Zachitetezo mu Kutumiza kwa IP Intercom Yakunja

Ngakhale zida zapamwamba zimakhala vuto ngati njira zoyambira zachitetezo cha pa intaneti zinyalanyazidwa.

Ma passwords Okhazikika ndi Ziphaso Za fakitale

Kusiya ziphaso za fakitale zosasinthidwa ndi njira imodzi yachangu kwambiri yochotsera ulamuliro pa chipangizo. Ma bot odziyimira pawokha nthawi zonse amafufuza malowedwe okhazikika, zomwe zimaika zinthu m'dongosolo mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kuchokera pamene adakhazikitsa.

Palibe Kugawa kwa Netiweki

Pamene ma intercom akugwiritsa ntchito netiweki yomweyo monga zida zaumwini kapena ma seva abizinesi, owukira amapeza mwayi woyenda mbali imodzi. Popanda kugawa ma netiweki a zida zachitetezo, kusweka kwa chitseko chakutsogolo kumatha kubweretsa mgwirizano wathunthu wa netiweki.

Firmware Yakale ndi Kunyalanyaza Patch

Ma intercom ambiri akunja amagwira ntchito kwa zaka zambiri popanda zosintha za firmware. Njira iyi ya "kukhazikitsa ndi kuyiwala" imasiya zovuta zodziwika kuti zisasinthidwe ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta.

Kudalira Mtambo Popanda Zitetezo

Mapulatifomu a intercom opangidwa ndi mitambo amabweretsa zoopsa zina:

• Kuphwanya malamulo a seva kungavumbule ziyeneretso ndi deta ya kanema

• Ma API ofooka amatha kutulutsa makanema amoyo

• Kuzimitsa intaneti kungalepheretse ntchito yowongolera mwayi wopeza zinthu

Njira Zabwino Zotetezera Ma Intercom a IP Akunja

Kuti ma intercom akunja a IP asamakhale zitseko za pa intaneti, ayenera kukhala otetezeka ngati malo ena aliwonse olumikizirana ndi intaneti.

Kupatula Ma Intercom Pogwiritsa Ntchito Ma VLAN

Kuyika ma intercom pa VLAN yapadera kumachepetsa kuwonongeka ngakhale chipangizocho chitakhala chovuta. Oukira sangathe kusuntha mozungulira kupita ku makina osavuta.

Kutsimikizira 802.1x

Ndi chitsimikizo cha 802.1x port, zida zovomerezeka za intercom zokha ndi zomwe zingalumikizane ndi netiweki. Malaputopu osavomerezeka kapena zida zosayenera zimatsekedwa zokha.

Yambitsani Kubisa Konse

• TLS ya chizindikiro cha SIP

• SRTP ya ma audio ndi makanema

• HTTPS yokonzera mawebusayiti

Kubisa deta kumatsimikizira kuti deta yomwe yalowetsedwa siingathe kuwerengedwa komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Onjezani Kuzindikira Kusokoneza Zinthu Mwathupi

Ma alamu osagwira ntchito, machenjezo ofulumira, ndi kutseka kwa madoko odziyimira pawokha kumatsimikizira kuti kusokoneza kwakuthupi kumayambitsa chitetezo nthawi yomweyo.

Maganizo Omaliza: Chitetezo Chimayambira Pakhomo Loyang'ana Kutsogolo

Ma intercom akunja a IP ndi zida zamphamvu—koma pokhapokha ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Kuwaona ngati mabelu osavuta a pakhomo m'malo mwa makompyuta olumikizidwa kumabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu pa intaneti. Ndi kubisa koyenera, kugawa ma network, kutsimikizira, komanso chitetezo chakuthupi, ma intercom akunja a IP amatha kupereka zinthu zosavuta popanda kuwononga chitetezo.